This probably needs an F5er to answer, but here's what i understand.
- Herculon is a product line/platform, similar to BIG-IP, but dedicated to SSL/DDoS
- All devices i10800, i5800 and i2800 are Herculon? - No, they are also part of BIG-IP family
- What makes a i10800, i5800 or i2800 device an 'Herculon' appliance? - different colour to start with :-) Despite the naming convention i don't believe they aren't iSeries devices under the hood and are built on BIG-IPs, this may change in the future of course. Certainly licensing is a key differentiator as it will come with core license features for the specific requirement. Also i imagine they'll be configured to have the hardware tailored to their requirement too, via their FPGAs for example.
- Interestingly you can turn a BIG-IP into an SSL Orchestrator/DDoS Hybrid defender just by having the right licensing turned on but this will lack the hardware capabilities and optimisations.
Hope this helps a little.
N