LTM differences

I'd recommend you grab a couple of BigIP documents and start reading. And perhaps do a bit of googling to find out more about these things.

BigIP is the platform that runs LTM/GTM/APM/APM etc BigIQ is a management product for BigIP. tmsh is the traffic management shell. It's used to configure BigIP from the command line bash is Bourne Again Shell. It's effectively bourne shell on steroids... bourne shell being awful - mainly because it's really old and just doesn't seem to get any love. bash being the shell of champions. (Just my opinion :) )