SSL Legacy Renegotiation vs Secure Renegotiation Explained using Wireshark
Related articles: SSL Forward Proxy Explained using Wireshark Quick Intro This is just a quick but in-depth look into SSL/TLS Renegotation and Secure Renegotiation. I'll just quickly show you how legacy and secure negotiation work in TLS/SSL. Renegotiation takes place in the same TCP connection. Do not confuse with Session Resumption/Reuse which takes place in subsequent TCP connections. Here's the topology I used to test this: 1. Legacy Renegotiation First there is a full SSL handshake: Notice that on Frame 6 (Server Hello) BIG-IP offers a Session ID: However, we do not use this session ID in renegotiation. Why? Because renegotiation means we want torenegotiate security parameters again and reusing session ID we would be reusing the same security parameters. Also,renegotiation takes place over the same TCP connection, so if client is the one that starts renegotiation we see a straightClient Hellostill over the same connection aboveand full handshake takes place: If it's BIG-IP (server-side) who is willing to trigger renegotiation then we see aHello Requestmessage still over same TCP connection followed by full handshake: That's it. This is legacy Renegotiation. Note:Do not confuse Renegotiation with Session Reuse/Resumption. In Session Reuse a new TCP connection is open and Client sends a Session ID from a previous session so that same security parameters are reused. 2. Secure Renegotiation - The Add on! Secure renegotiation is exactly the same as above with the addition of SSLrenegotiation_infoextension described inRFC5746. Note:The only reason for this extension is to avoid man-in-the-middle attack where session is hijacked and attacker tries to renegotiate new session using client's handshake information. This extension saves some information from initial handshake that must be provided upon renegotiation which attacker wouldn't have. If we click on first Client Hello we seerenegotiation_infoextension along with other extensions inClient Hellomessage: Note:Instead of renegotiation_info extension there is also the option to add TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV to Cipher Suites list and that means the same thing, i.e. we (or client/server) support Secure Renegotiation. First message is always blank just to indicate Client supports Secure Renegotiation. Server also signals its support inServer Hello: At the end of every SSL handshake there is aFinishedmessage sent by both Client and BIG-IP: If we click on Finished message from Client, more specifically onVerify Datafield (assuming it is decrypted) we will see a 12 bytes hash in hexadecimal: This client-sidehash(d5 b7 01 35 b3 d2 d7 2a 54 0e 24 f0) is the result of hash of all handshake messages exchanged at this point mixed with previously negotiated master secret and a mathematical function to make it more secure (random). This allows BIG-IP to validate the integrity of the entire handshake. In BIG-IP's Finished message we can also see the sameVerify Datamessage which its own hash which in turn will also allow client to validate the integrity of the entire handshake: But why is it important to know that? Because in the next handshake,renegotiation_info (foundwithinClient Hellosent by Client)containsVerify Dataportion it sent in previousFinishedmessage (from previous handshake). Then BIG-IP sends its hash concatenated with client inVerify Dataportion. Therefore, it is unlikely an attacker could have obtained these values becauseFinishedmessage is always encrypted. Let's confirm values match onrenegotiation_infoon Client Hello sent afterwards in the same TCP connection (frame 1931): On BIG-IP's side it is the concatenation of Client's Verify Data and BIG-IP's Verify data (frame1965): That's it.Lightboard Lessons: SSL Certificates Behaving Badly
In the world of secure websites, it's critical to maintain proper ownership of the certificate that helps protect your site. Certificates hold the encryption keys that allow users to securely interact with your site. When a certificate expires or changes ownership, it is important (and even required) that it be revoked and replaced with a new, updated certificate. This ensures that the current owner of the certificate is the only one who can offer legitimate access to that specific website. Some really smart guys (Ian Foster and Dylan Ayrey) found what they have termed "Bygone SSL"where one person can hold a valid certificate for a website that someone else owns! This interesting phenomenon is not necessarily a result of nefarious behavior, but rather the reality of how certificates work today. In this video, John explains the issue and outlines the reason this is happening. Enjoy! Related Resources: Bygone SSL Blog: By Ian Foster CertGraph Tool to scan SSL Certificate Alt NamesLightboard Lessons: Breaking Down the TLS Handshake
The TLS handshake is a critical part of secure communications on the Internet today. In this video, we take a minute to break down the details of what goes on during the TLS handshake. Enjoy! Related Resources: Lightboard Lessons: What's In A Certificate? Whiteboard Wednesdays: SSL Ciphers SSL Profiles Part 4: Cipher Suites
